the Relationship Between Parenting Styles of Mothers as Female Heads of Household (PEKKA) and the Social Development and Emotional Intelligence of Children Aged 3–5 Years in Jember Regency
"Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Ibu Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (PEKKA) dengan Perkembangan Sosial dan Kecerdasan Emosional Anak Usia 3–5 Tahun di Kabupaten Jember"
Keywords:
Parenting Styles, Social Development, Emotional Intelligence, Children Aged 3–5 years, Female-Headed Households (PEKKA)Abstract
The divorce rate in Jember Regency was notably high in 2022, ranking third in East Java with 1,544 cases of talak divorce and 4,320 cases of contested divorce. This condition triggered a surge in the number of Female-Headed Households (PEKKA). This phenomenon creates complex challenges for single mothers, who are required to bear a dual burden of earning a living and providing optimal childcare. Such a burden potentially compromises the effectiveness of their parenting, which ultimately affects early childhood growth and development. This study aims to determine the relationship between PEKKA mothers' parenting style and the social development and emotional intelligence of children aged 3–5 years in Jember Regency. This study employed a correlational analytic cross-sectional design involving 25 respondents, using a structured questionnaire as the research instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square statistical test. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between the parenting style of PEKKA mothers and children's social development (p = 0.002). Conversely, no significant relationship was found between PEKKA mothers' parenting style and children's emotional intelligence (p = 1.000). In conclusion, PEKKA mothers' parenting style is strongly associated with children's social development, but shows no significant correlation with the emotional intelligence of children aged 3–5 years in Jember Regency.
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